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The CISSP exam is offered by the International Information System Security Certification Consortium (ISC) and is designed for professionals who have at least five years of experience in the information security field. The certification is highly valued by employers as it demonstrates an individual’s knowledge and expertise in information security. In addition, it provides a competitive edge to professionals seeking career advancement in this field.

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ISC Certified Information Systems Security Professional Sample Questions (Q260-Q265):

NEW QUESTION # 260
Man-in-the-middle attacks are a real threat to what type of communication?

  • A. Communication based on random challenge.
  • B. Communication based on token.
  • C. Communication based on face to face contact.
  • D. Communication based on asymmetric encryption.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The weakest point in the communication based on asymmetric encryption is the knowledge about the real owners of keys. Somebody evil could generate a key pair, give the public key away and tell everybody, that it belongs to somebody else. Now, everyone believing it will use this key for encryption, resulting in the evil man being able to read the messages. If he encrypts the messages again with the public key of the real recipient, he will not be easily recognized. This sort of attack is called ``man-in-the-middle'' attack and can only be prevented by making sure, public keys really belong to the one being designated as owner.


NEW QUESTION # 261
A site that is owned by the company and mirrors the original production site is referred to as a _______?

  • A. Reciprocal site.
  • B. Hot site.
  • C. Warm Site.
  • D. Redundant Site.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A redundant site is owned by the company and is a mirror of the original production environment.
Incorrect Answers:
A: A hot site is not owned by the company. A hot site is leased or rented.
B: A warm site is a leased or rented facility. It is not owned by the company.
C: A reciprocal site is owned by another company, and is set up through a reciprocal agreement. A reciprocal agreement is one in which a company promises another company it can move in and share space if it experiences a disaster, and vice versa.
References:
Harris, Shon, All In One CISSP Exam Guide, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2013, p. 925


NEW QUESTION # 262
Which of the following is an advantage of prototyping?

  • A. Change control is often less complicated with prototype systems.
  • B. It ensures that functions or extras are not added to the intended system.
  • C. Strong internal controls are easier to implement.
  • D. Prototype systems can provide significant time and cost savings.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The Prototype Phase is also called the "Proof of Concept" Phase.
Whether it's called one or the other depends on what the creator is trying to "prove."
If the main deliverable of the Phase includes a working version of the product's technical features, it's a "prototype." If the main deliverable just looks like it has the product's technical features, then it's a "proof of concept."
Prototypes can save time and money because you can test some functionality earlier in the process. You don't have to make the whole final product to begin testing it.


NEW QUESTION # 263
Notifying the appropriate parties to take action in order to determine the extent of the severity of an incident and to remediate the incident's effects is part of:

  • A. Incident Evaluation
  • B. Incident Protection
  • C. Incident Recognition
  • D. Incident Response

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Incident Response includes notifying the appropriate parties to take action in order to determine the extent of the severity of an incident and to remediate the incident's effects.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Incident Evaluation is the process that would be performed by the "appropriate parties" to determine the extent of the severity of an incident. Incident Evaluation is not the process of notifying the appropriate parties about the incident.
B: Incident Recognition is the initial realization that an incident has occurred. After an incident is recognized, the appropriate parties should be notified about the incident. Incident Recognition is not the process of notifying the appropriate parties about the incident.
C: Incident Protection is not a defined incident management process.
References:
Krutz, Ronald L. and Russell Dean Vines, The CISSP and CAP Prep Guide: Mastering CISSP and CAP, Wiley Publishing, Indianapolis, 2007, p. 187


NEW QUESTION # 264
Rule-Based Access Control (RuBAC) access is determined by rules. Such rules would fit within what category of access control?

  • A. Non-Discretionary Access Control (NDAC)
  • B. Mandatory Access control (MAC)
  • C. Lattice-based Access control
  • D. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Answer: A

Explanation:
Rule-based access control is a type of non-discretionary access control because this access is determined by rules and the subject does not decide what those rules will be, the rules are uniformly applied to ALL of the users or subjects.
In general, all access control policies other than DAC are grouped in the category of non- discretionary access control (NDAC). As the name implies, policies in this category have rules that are not established at the discretion of the user. Non-discretionary policies establish controls that cannot be changed by users, but only through administrative action.
Both Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and Rule Based Access Control (RuBAC) fall within Non Discretionary Access Control (NDAC). If it is not DAC or MAC then it is most likely NDAC.
IT IS NOT ALWAYS BLACK OR WHITE
The different access control models are not totally exclusive of each others. MAC is making use of Rules to be implemented. However with MAC you have requirements above and beyond having simple access rules. The subject would get formal approval from management, the subject must have the proper security clearance, objects must have labels/sensitivity levels attached to them, subjects must have the proper security clearance.
If all of this is in place then you have MAC.
BELOW YOU HAVE A DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES:
MAC = Mandatory Access Control
Under a mandatory access control environment, the system or security administrator will define what permissions subjects have on objects. The administrator does not dictate user's access but simply configure the proper level of access as dictated by the Data
Owner.
The MAC system will look at the Security Clearance of the subject and compare it with the object sensitivity level or classification level. This is what is called the dominance relationship.
The subject must DOMINATE the object sensitivity level. Which means that the subject must have a security clearance equal or higher than the object he is attempting to access.
MAC also introduce the concept of labels. Every objects will have a label attached to them indicating the classification of the object as well as categories that are used to impose the need to know (NTK) principle. Even thou a user has a security clearance of Secret it does not mean he would be able to access any Secret documents within the system. He would be allowed to access only Secret document for which he has a Need To Know, formal approval, and object where the user belong to one of the categories attached to the object.
If there is no clearance and no labels then IT IS NOT Mandatory Access Control.
Many of the other models can mimic MAC but none of them have labels and a dominance relationship so they are NOT in the MAC category.
NISTR-7316 Says:
Usually a labeling mechanism and a set of interfaces are used to determine access based on the MAC policy; for example, a user who is running a process at the Secret classification should not be allowed to read a file with a label of Top Secret. This is known as the "simple security rule," or "no read up." Conversely, a user who is running a process with a label of Secret should not be allowed to write to a file with a label of Confidential.
This rule is called the "*-property" (pronounced "star property") or "no write down." The *- property is required to maintain system security in an automated environment. A variation on this rule called the "strict *-property" requires that information can be written at, but not above, the subject's clearance level. Multilevel security models such as the Bell-La Padula
Confidentiality and Biba Integrity models are used to formally specify this kind of MAC policy.
DAC = Discretionary Access Control
DAC is also known as: Identity Based access control system.
The owner of an object is define as the person who created the object. As such the owner has the discretion to grant access to other users on the network. Access will be granted based solely on the identity of those users.
Such system is good for low level of security. One of the major problem is the fact that a user who has access to someone's else file can further share the file with other users without the knowledge or permission of the owner of the file. Very quickly this could become the wild west as there is no control on the dissemination of the information.
RBAC = Role Based Access Control
RBAC is a form of Non-Discretionary access control.
Role Based access control usually maps directly with the different types of jobs performed by employees within a company.
For example there might be 5 security administrator within your company. Instead of creating each of their profile one by one, you would simply create a role and assign the administrators to the role. Once an administrator has been assigned to a role, he will
IMPLICITLY inherit the permissions of that role.
RBAC is great tool for environment where there is a a large rotation of employees on a daily basis such as a very large help desk for example.
RBAC or RuBAC = Rule Based Access Control
RuBAC is a form of Non-Discretionary access control.
A good example of a Rule Based access control device would be a Firewall. A single set of rules is imposed to all users attempting to connect through the firewall.
NOTE FROM CLEMENT:
Lot of people tend to confuse MAC and Rule Based Access Control.
Mandatory Access Control must make use of LABELS. If there is only rules and no label, it cannot be Mandatory Access Control. This is why they call it Non Discretionary Access control (NDAC).
There are even books out there that are WRONG on this subject. Books are sometimes opiniated and not strictly based on facts.
In MAC subjects must have clearance to access sensitive objects. Objects have labels that contain the classification to indicate the sensitivity of the object and the label also has categories to enforce the need to know.
Today the best example of rule based access control would be a firewall. All rules are imposed globally to any user attempting to connect through the device. This is NOT the case with MAC.
I strongly recommend you read carefully the following document:
NISTIR-7316 at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/7316/NISTIR-7316pdf
It is one of the best Access Control Study document to prepare for the exam. Usually I tell people not to worry about the hundreds of NIST documents and other reference. This document is an exception. Take some time to read it.
Reference(s) used for this question:
KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten
Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 33
And
NISTIR-7316 at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/7316/NISTIR-7316pdf
And
Conrad, Eric; Misenar, Seth; Feldman, Joshua (2012-09-01). CISSP Study Guide (Kindle
Locations 651-652). Elsevier Science (reference). Kindle Edition.


NEW QUESTION # 265
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