The Science of How Dandruff Shampoos Work: Key Ingredients and Mechanisms Dandruff is a common scalp condition that affects people of all ages. It is characterized by flaky, itchy, and sometimes oily patches on the scalp. While the exact cause of dandruff is still not fully understood, it is thought to be a combination of factors including an overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia, excess oil production on the scalp, and an individual's genetic...